Being the deciding factor it's possible, but sometimes also depends on the enemies.
If I have 3 bad players on my team, and I'm against 2 good players and 2 bads, it's possible to win, but really hard. If three of them are good-decent players, and I'm with 3 bad players, then the probabilities are really really low, but of course, I'm not a pro, I know you have made really nice scores, so you might be one of the few exceptiones that can play against three skill players or even four by him/herself, but in most of the occasions, when there are decent players involved, the team with more decent players will win.
Well it's worth keeping in mind ranked should even out until the point where you are going up against people who are on your skill level, there won't really be "Goods" and "Bads", there will be players of a certain rank who are on the same skill level as other people of the rank. That's not really true now, as people who deserve to be of a high rank just haven't gotten there yet, but things should level out pretty nicely. I actually really like Splatoon's ranking system, because you genuinely do have to earn your rank, you wont encounter a "Bad" B rank player. A lot of game with ranking systems make it so you can climb your way through the ranks even if you only win half of the matches, but in Splatoon you genuinely have to be notably better than a C- player to leave the C- rank. It's not a ranking system where slow and steady will help you reach the top, you 'll cap out at the rank you deserve to cap out at.
I'm not denying the fact that the game can place things in the other teams favor, it certainly happens and I'm not expecting people to consistently pull their entire team, but you do have to keep in mind the actual probability of that happening. Assuming you aren't much of a factor in your team winning or losing, there's a 50% chance you'll wind up with the team who wins. It's actually in your favor that there isn't a party system. When I hear things like "I'm losing 4/5", I think people have to keep in mind statistically they should only be losing half, and that's if they're average for the players they're playing with.
Some very simple probability math will hopefully better emphasize why numbers like that can't really just be chalked up to luck. As I said before, team placement being random gives you a 50% chance you'll wind up on the winning team, assuming you yourself aren't the deciding factor.
Your chance to wind up on the bad team once is 1-0.5=
50%
Your chance to wind up on the bad team twice in a row is 1-(0.5)^2=
25%
Your chance to wind up on the bad team three times in a row is 1-(0.5)^3=
12.5%
Your chance to wind up on the bad team four times in a row is 1-(0.5)^4=
6.25%
I'm hoping you can now understand why I think anyone who says they're consistently losing 4 out of every 5 has to be the deciding factor in their team losing.
Again, I hate to be rude but I have to be brutally honest. If you can't make it out of C- rank, it's because you're on par with the average C- rank player. If you do stand out from them, you'll be winning more than 50% of them and rise in the ranks