With the right map or customization, potentially. But right now they easily seem to be the worst weapon - of course it's still very, very early.
The reason I don't have much hope for them in the future has to do with Titanfall. I don't play that game at a high level or anything, but snipers are generally considered to be a bit weak in that game, because of all the movement options that make it difficult to snipe a target and find a safe place to snipe. Similarly, although not to the same degree, inklings are very mobile. The only way I can see somebody getting killed by the charger reliably is if they don't see the attack coming, but ironically, the charger is the worst sneak attack weapon as you have to be in 'human' form to charge, limiting sneak attacks drastically.
Potentially, certain maps could offer them advantages. They like narrow corridors, such as the ones in wall-eye, but those aren't long enough to cover the charge time. Now, you can probably ward off enemy inklings from trying to run down the hall at you if you've got a fully-charged shot, but you're not likely to get a kill in that situation unless they actually go for it. Even then, what if the enemy inkling starts spraying the ground in front of you? You'd have to release your charge shot to reclaim the ground, giving them time to rush you down while you recharge.
TL;DR: While it's way too early to say, I can only judge by what I've seen currently, and all signs point to flaws that keep the charger from being very great at its job. Even then, its job isn't terribly important in turf wars. I'm not saying it can't be used in the right place, at the right time, with the right team, just that the reward for using it doesn't seem worth it yet.