Actually, not entirely, the stage is actually more tied to a part of the ring rather than the whole ring itself.
The short burst will always and only last for a quarter of a ring. Any more than that and the weapon will switch to second stage.
But if you're recharging the weapons, the weapon will only be in the first stage between 1 3/4 and 2 ring charges. And I do specifically within that range, if the weapon goes below 1 3/4 charge, it will go back to second stage no matter how long its been firing.
I wanted to follow up on this, because after some testing, failing, thinking, and more testing, I’ve figured out what determines the stage the Ballpoint is at. I’m sure I’m late to the party here, but because I don’t see it in writing on the forums it’s worth sharing all the same.
For the sake of explaining this clearer, let’s say that a splatling’s charging ring is measured in “units” of charge, with one ring being 100 and two rings being 200 units. You begin by charging the Ballpoint, and as soon as you let go to start firing, the game records that charge as a set point. Between that set point and 25 units lower (1/4 ring), you’ll be firing in the low range mode. Any lower, and the weapon fires in long range mode until your charge rings are depleated.
So for example: if I charge to 150 units before opening fire, I’ll be in low range between 150 and 125 units, and long range between 125 and 0. If I let the charge fall to, say, 25 units and charge back up to 100 units, the weapon stays in long range the whole time. If I charge back up and reach 175 units of charge, the game establishes 175 as the new set point so that the 150-175 window is short range and 0-150 is long range.
The tactical conclusion I can draw from this is that if you are currently in a safe place and wish to pressure from a distance, you’ll want to charge up as much as possible to achieve the largest long-range window as possible (0-175). If you ever have to switch to short range mode in a pinch, be sure to squidform first to reset the charge, then charge between 0-25 units repeatedly.
I should point out that the transition between range modes is not instantaneous, and instead the weapon will start transitioning between modes a tad early and will REACH the next mode as soon as 25 charge units have been used.